New masculinities, paternal roles and parental authority

Abstract

This article reviewed the historical, conceptual and social evolution of parental authority in Ecuador, analysing how legal norms and cultural changes have impacted on family dynamics and parental roles. Issues such as child custody disputes, gender stereotypes and the influence of the judicial system on parenting were addressed. The overall objective was to explore the impact of normative discussions, personal experiences and activism on the transformation of co-parenting in the country. The methodology included a literature review and interviews with key actors, highlighting international and local studies to contextualise the situation in Ecuador. Among the results, it was observed that traditional gender roles still hinder the equal participation of fathers in parenting, although social movements and progressive legislation have promoted shared custody as a measure that fosters equality. It was also highlighted that new masculinities contribute to the cultural shift towards greater co-parenting. However, problems such as parental alienation and the lack of specific judicial policies limit the effective involvement of fathers. The study concluded that co-parenting not only benefits children, but also boosts gender equality by balancing care responsibilities between men and women.