Human rights in the face of digital surveillance: critical analysis and proposals

Abstract

This study analysed the impacts of digital surveillance on human rights, particularly in the context of Latin America, in the wake of technological expansion in the region. The objective was to examine how surveillance technologies affect privacy, freedom of expression and other fundamental rights, especially for vulnerable groups. The methodology consisted of a literature review of various sources, including reports from organisations such as Amnesty International, academic research and specialised articles on cybersecurity and human rights. Multiple challenges were identified, such as the lack of clear regulations on the use of surveillance technologies, which increased the risks of abuse and human rights violations. In addition, disparities in access to secure technologies were observed, negatively affecting poorer segments of the population. The findings highlighted that while some countries have taken steps to protect fundamental rights, serious gaps remain in the implementation of effective public policies on cybersecurity and data protection. The studies reviewed highlighted the urgent need to establish clear regulatory frameworks to balance privacy protection with national security.